Slender, rod-shaped (0.2- 0.6 um x 1- 10um in size) Nonmotile; non-spore formers Strictly aerobic Increased CO2 – enhances growth RAPID GROWERS Grows in simple media Grows 2-3 days 20-40°C DISEASE-ASSOCIATED MYCOBACTERIA Requires 2-6 weeks Requires complex media Has specific optimal temp. MTB COMPLEX M. microti – TB in immunocompetent and compromised M. africanum – …
Gram positive SPORE-FORMING BACILLI Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium difficile Clostridium septicum Gram positive Bacilli Actinomyces spp. Propionibacterium spp. Bifidobacterium spp. Gram negative bacilli Bacteroides fragilis Porphyromonas spp. Prevotella spp. Fusobacterium spp. Gram negative cocci Veillonella spp Clostridium perfringens Virulence Factor Alpha & Beta toxins Type A (mild) Type C -food poisoning (enteritis …
Gram (-) cocci Positive for Catalase Oxidase Superoxol (Neisseria) Glucose fermenters exc. For Moraxella (asaccharolytic) Gonorrhea Flow of seeds “Clap” – “clapoir” (French) – brothel Disease Association N. gonorrhoeae Leading cause of sexually transmitted disease always pathogenic; not a normal flora Opthlamia neonatorum N. meningitidis Leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome Endemic …
Streptobacillusmoniliformis Spirillum minus General characteristics 1. Requires blood, serum or ascite fluid in the mediumand incubation under CO22. Facultative, nonmotile anaerobe3. Highly pleomorphic Gram (-), helical, strictlyaerobic Disease Association Haverhill fever Ratbite fever (SODOKU) Lab diagnosis Blood Blood, exudate, orlymph node tissues Direct Detections Pus or exudates – stained with gram or giemsa stain …
Gram (-) coccobacilli Strict aerobes Urease (+) motility (-) oxidase (-) MAJOR VIRULENCE FACTOR – CAPSULE Francisella spp. Disease association Tularemia – one of the most common lab acquired infection – Rabbit fever Deer fly fever Market men’s disease Laboratory diagnosis BSL Level 2 Pathogen Specimen: scrapings from infected ulcers lymph node biopsies sputum Whole …
PERTUSSIS/ WHOOPING COUGH Usually disease of children Has 3 symptomatic stages Catarrhal – mild cold; runny nose Paroxysmal – vomiting and with “whooping” Convalescent Lab Diagnosis Culture Most sensitive early in the illness Traditional diagnostic standard for pertussis May become undetectable by culture 2 weeks after start of paroxysms Nasopharyngeal aspirates or nasopharyngeal swab; Calcium …
Poorly stained by conventional gram stain Resembles fine grain of sand Requires erythritol Urease (+), catalase (+) Brucella Disease association Brucellosis-zoonosis, systemic infection Lab Diagnosis Blood (routine), Bone marrow (preferred), CSF, pleural, synovial, urine, abscesses, other tissues. Media and cultivation – Brucella agar or infusion base-spx other than blood – 5% heated horse or rabbit …
Gram (-) fastidious bacilli Mesophilic (20-45°C) Obligate aerobe, motile Legionella pneumophila Disease Association Legionnaires Disease Pontiac Fever Wound abscesses encephalitis endocarditis Direct Directions 0.1% Fuchsin substituted for safranin in the gram stain Tissue sections use silver orgiemsa stains Media and Cultivation Two agar plates (atleast one BCYE)
Gram (-) bacilli Microaerophilic (5-10% O2) Campylobacter Helicobacter Disease Association Most common cause of gastroenteritis WORLDWIDE 1. Febrile systemic disease 2. Periodontal disease 3. Gastroenteritis Postinfection complication: 1. Reactive arthritis 2. Guillain-Barre Syndrome H. pylori 1. Can cause peptic ulcer disease & gastric carcinoma,gastritis 2. Major cause of Type B gastritis Laboratory Diagnosis Blood, …
Negative to Catalase Urease Nitrate reductase Oxidase Facultatively intracellular bacterium Multiply and persist in the RBCs Angioproliferation, can inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis Organism Disease Association B. alsatica Human accidental host B. bacilliformis Carrion’s disease B. Quintana (former RochalimeaQuintana) Trench feverBacillary angiomatosis B. henselae 1° cause of cat-scratch diseasePeliosis hepatitis B. clarridgeiae Cat-scratch disease B. elizabethae …
