PERTUSSIS/ WHOOPING COUGH Usually disease of children Has 3 symptomatic stages Catarrhal – mild cold; runny nose Paroxysmal – vomiting and with “whooping” Convalescent Lab Diagnosis Culture Most sensitive early in the illness Traditional diagnostic standard for pertussis May become undetectable by culture 2 weeks after start of paroxysms Nasopharyngeal aspirates or nasopharyngeal swab; Calcium …
Poorly stained by conventional gram stain Resembles fine grain of sand Requires erythritol Urease (+), catalase (+) Brucella Disease association Brucellosis-zoonosis, systemic infection Lab Diagnosis Blood (routine), Bone marrow (preferred), CSF, pleural, synovial, urine, abscesses, other tissues. Media and cultivation – Brucella agar or infusion base-spx other than blood – 5% heated horse or rabbit …
Gram (-) fastidious bacilli Mesophilic (20-45°C) Obligate aerobe, motile Legionella pneumophila Disease Association Legionnaires Disease Pontiac Fever Wound abscesses encephalitis endocarditis Direct Directions 0.1% Fuchsin substituted for safranin in the gram stain Tissue sections use silver orgiemsa stains Media and Cultivation Two agar plates (atleast one BCYE)
Gram (-) bacilli Microaerophilic (5-10% O2) Campylobacter Helicobacter Disease Association Most common cause of gastroenteritis WORLDWIDE 1. Febrile systemic disease 2. Periodontal disease 3. Gastroenteritis Postinfection complication: 1. Reactive arthritis 2. Guillain-Barre Syndrome H. pylori 1. Can cause peptic ulcer disease & gastric carcinoma,gastritis 2. Major cause of Type B gastritis Laboratory Diagnosis Blood, …
Negative to Catalase Urease Nitrate reductase Oxidase Facultatively intracellular bacterium Multiply and persist in the RBCs Angioproliferation, can inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis Organism Disease Association B. alsatica Human accidental host B. bacilliformis Carrion’s disease B. Quintana (former RochalimeaQuintana) Trench feverBacillary angiomatosis B. henselae 1° cause of cat-scratch diseasePeliosis hepatitis B. clarridgeiae Cat-scratch disease B. elizabethae …
Gram (-) coccobacilli Pleomorphic Requires X and V factor Facultative anaerobes X V Porphyrin Others H. haemolyticus + + – Beta-hemolysis in Horse BAP H. aegypticus (Koch-Weeks Bacillus) + + – Pink-eye conjunctivitis; Brazilian Purpuric fever H. influenzae (Pfeiffer’s bacillus) + + – Virulence factor: Type B capsule, IgA protease, pili, LPS – has …
Gram (-) Non-motile Oxidase (+) Ferments glucose Most are susceptible to penicillin Catalase (+) except P. bettyae and P.caballi Reduce nitrate to nitrite P. multocida Disease association Focal soft tissue infection Respiratory disease Systemic disease LIVER CIRRHOSIS risk factor for systemic disease Characteristic Gram Stain Coccobacilli; frequent bipolar staining BAP Convex, smooth, gray, nonhemolytic, some …
Eikenella corrodens Methylobacterium Normal flora of human + – Spectrum of Diseaseand Infections Human bite wound infection Bacteremia and peritonitis in patients undergoing chronicambulatory peritoneal dialysis Gram Staining Slender, medium lengthgram (-) straight rod with rounded ends. Short medium-lengthgram (-) bacillus vacuolated, pale staining, may resistdecolorization Colonial appearance and characteristic Medium: BA Hallmark characteristic: …
Vibrio Motile (monotrichous) – SHOOTING STAR MOTILITY Oxidase (+), except for V. metschnikovii Halophilic except V. cholerae and V. mimicus LOA = ++- 0129 Susceptible vs. Aeromonas (R) Vibrio cholerae Agent of cholera Hallmark: rice watery stools (caused by cholera toxin) Somatic antigens – O1 & O139 Associated with V. cholerae envelope Positive markers for …
P. aeruginosa Disease association Primary cause of pneumonia in Cystic Fibrosis patients. Swimmer’s ears – contact lens infection jacuzzi hot tub syndrome erythema gangrenosum Virulence Factor Exotoxin A – most important Hemolysi ns Pili Alginate – mucoid Pyocyanin – specific Biofilm production Other Characteristic Appearance on BAP Spreading and flat; serrated edges, silver metallic sheen, …
