Fluid Components Hydrochloric acid (Pepsinogen → Pepsin) Electrolytes Mucus Enzymes Pepsin (major) Gastrin Lipase Method of collection Aspiration Patient prep: Must fast for 15 hrs No medication for the last 24 hrs Must not swallow excessive amount of saliva during collection Must be well-rested Tube Details Levine Inserted through nosesmallest diameter Rehfuss Inserted through mouthMetal …
Fluid Fluids between the parietal and visceral membranes An ultrafiltrate of plasma Provides lubrication Collected in: Tubes: 1. EDTA – cell count and differential 2. Sterile hepain tubes – cytology and microbiology 3. Plain/heparin tubes – chemistry EFFUSION – accumulation of fluid between the membranes TRANSUDATE EXUDATE Cause disorders that disrupt theproduction and regulation …
Details Tracheobronchial secretions Mixture of plasma, electrolytes, mucin and water Bartlett’s criteria: <10 SEC/LPF and >25 WBC/LPF Collection First morning – Preferred for routine workup 24 hour – For measurement of volume Sputum induction – Patients who are non-cooperative Tracheal aspiration – For debilitated patients Throat swab – Pediatric patients Preservation through: refrigeration or 10% …
Fluid Details “joint fluid” Ultrafiltrate of plasma Synoviocytes: cells lining the synovial membrane Hyaluronic acid: responsible for the viscosity of synovial fluid Collection Arthrocentesis During collection, avoid using powdered EDTA, oxalate and sodium heparin (interferes with crystal identification) 3 tubes: 1st tube- chemical & immunological (nonanticoagulated) 2nd tube- hematology (liquid EDTA) 3rd tube- microbiology (sterile …
Fluid Purpose of amniotic fluid Fetal cushion Allows fetal movement For proper lung development Temperature stabilizer Volume NV: 800-1,200mL (3rd trimester) <800mL = oligohydramnios Increased swallowing of urine by fetus Urinary tract deformities Membrane leakage >1200mL = polyhydramnios Decreased swallowing of urine by fetus Neural tube defects Method of collection Amniocentesis (up to 30mL) 14th …
Fluid Reasons for seminal fluid analysis Fertility testing Postvasectomy semenalysis Forensic analysis (rape cases) Evaluation of sperm donors Paternity cases Composition of seminal fluid TESTES AND EPIDIDYMIS TESTES: main site of spermatogenesis (seminiferous tubules) EPIDIDYMIS (5%): main and final site of sperm maturation Sertoli cells: nurse cells/resident cells. Secretes inhibin that inhibits synthesis of FSH …
Fluid CSF Production 70% = choroid plexuses 30% = ventricular ependymal lining of cerebral and subarachnoid spaces Rate of CSF production 0.3 – 0.4 mL/min of CSF is produced 20 mL/hr, 500 mL/day of CSF if produced Total CSF is replaced every 5-7 hrs Total Volume Adult: 90 – 150 mL Neonates: 10 to 60 …
Renal GLOMERULAR DISORDERS Acute PostStreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APGN) Etiology Deposition of immune complex, formed in conjunction with group A Streptococcus infection, on the glomerular membranes Findings Macroscopic hematuria Dysmorphic RBCs RBC casts Proteinuria Granular casts (+)ASO titer Rapidly Progressive (Cresentic) Glomerulonephritis Etiology Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders (ex. SLE) on the glomerular membrane …
Microscopic Examination of the Urine volume requirement = 10-15 ml (avg of 12ml) Centrifuge at 400 RCF for 5 mins Volume after decanting = 0.5 or 1.0 ml Amount to be smeared on slide = 20 ul (0.02 ml) MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE Bright-field Routine UA Phase-contrast Enhances visualization of translucent elements (eg. Hyaline cast) Polarizing Identification …
Chemical Examination of the reagent strip should be stored in an opaque, tightly closed container stored below 30°c (room temperature) do not freeze automated reagent strip reader principle: reflectance photometry PARAMETER READING TIME PRINCIPLE POSITIVE COLOR glucose 30 secs double sequential enzymatic reaction green to brown (if potassium iodide) bilirubin diazo reaction tan or pink …
