Gram (+) cocci In pairs or chains Aerotolerant anaerobes Some are capnophilic Characteristics COLONY Usually small and transparent CATEGORIES OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS Type Description 1 Polymicrobial infection (aerobic & anaerobic) 2 Consist of Group A Streptococci 3 Clostridial myonecrosis Saltwater Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Vibrio spp Organism Lancefield Smith and Brown’s S. pyogenes A Beta …
Gram (+) cocci Facultatively anaerobes (except for S. saccharolyticus – OBLIGATE ANAEROBE) In tetrads or in clusters Catalase (+) Oxidase (+) Non-motile Grows in 7.5 – 10% NaCl Characteristics COLONY Produced after 18-24 hrs. Medium-sized (4-8 um) COLORS: Cream-colored White Rarely light gold “buttery-looking” HUMAN NARIS (NOSTRILS) – PRIMARY RESERVOIR FOR STAPHYLOCOCCI S. aureus Disease …
AST STANDARDIZATION McFarland Turbidity Standards 1% H2SO4 1.175% BaCl2 0.5 McFarland – most commonly used Growth Medium pH – 7.2 – 7.4 cation concentration blood and serum components thymidine content Testing Medium for Different Organism Organism Media Incubation Notes Enterobacteriace ae P. aeruginosa Enterococci Mueller Hinton 35°C; air 16 – 20 hrs. Staphylococi MH …
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION DENATURATION – 94 – 95 degree Celsius (15 – 30 secs) For dsDNA separation PRIMER ANNEALING – 45 – 65 degree Celsius (30 secs. – 2 mins.) Anneals primer to target DNA PRIMER EXTENSION – 68 – 72 degree Celsius Synthesis of new strands of DNA PCR COMPONENTS Template DNA – target …
AMERICAN TRUDEAU SOCIETY MEDIUM Egg-based Purpose – isolation of M. tuberculosis Component: Eggs – provides fatty acid Potatoes – carbon source Malachite green – inhibitor LOWENSTEIN-JENSEN MEDIUM Purpose – for cultivation of Mycobacterium spp. Component: Potato flour Egg Glycerol Asparagine – for max. production of niacin by certain Mycobacterium spp. Malachite green – inhibitor MODIFICATIONS …
ACETATE AGAR Purpose differentiate E. coli from Shigella spp. Components Acetate – carbon source Bromthymol blue – pH indicator RESULT Green – negative (didn’t utilized acetate) Blue – positive (utilized acetate) ALKALINE PEPTONE WATER Purpose for recovery of Vibro spp. And Aeromonas spp. Components 0.5 – 1.0% NaCl – to recover Vibrio spp. BACTEROIDES BILE …
COLLECTION STOOL COLLECTION (TYPICAL) one spx. collected every other day total of three collected in 10 DAYS Diagnosis of Amoebiasis six specimens in 14 DAYS If patient in therapy of BISMUTH, BARIUM, & MINERAL OIL collect PRIOR TO THERAPY not until 5-7 or 4 – 5 DAYS after completion of therapy DELAYED FOR 2 WEEKS …
Specimen Collection and Processing (Parasitology) Read More »
PRINCIPLES OF SPECIMEN COLLECTION Major goal of microbiology laboratory – aid diagnosis of infectious disease Goal of specimen collector – maintain viability w/ minimal contamination FUNDAMENTALS Collect in acute phase of infection and before antibiotics administration (or within 2-3 days for viral infection) Correct anatomic site for collection Proper technique and supplies w/ minimal contamination …
Collection, Transport, Processing, and Staining of Specimens Read More »
DEFINITION OF TERMS: Pharmacodynamics: what the drugs do to the body Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug (biotransformation, distribution, metabolism and elimination) First pass metabolism: drugs enter the hepatic route first before entering the general circulation Half-life: time needed for a drug’s concentration in serum to decrease intohalf Peak specimen: collection of this …
TOXIC AGENTS Alcohol Ethanol (grain alcohol): most commonly abused chemical substance STAGES OF IMPAIRMENT BLOOD ALCOHOL (% w/v) SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 0.01 – 0. 05 No obvious impairment, some changes observableon performance testing 0.03 – 0.12 Mild euphoria, decreased inhibitions, someimpairment of motor skills 0.09 – 0.25 Decreased inhibitions, loss of critical judgment,memory impairment, …
