Trematodes
- Known as flukes
- Requires 2 intermediate hosts exc. Schistosomes
- 1st – snail
- 2nd :
| FISH | H. heterophyes, C. sinensis O. felineus |
| CRAB | P. westermani |
| PLANT | F. hepatica F. gigantica F. buski |
| SNAIL | E. ilocanum |
BLOOD FLUKES
- S. japonicum – small lateral knob; oriental blood fluke; katayama syndrome; swimmer’s itch; snail fever
- S. mansoni – prominent lateral; smallest blood fluke
- S. haematobium – terminal spine; bladder fluke; bilharziasis; urinary schistosomiasis
- S. mekongi
- S. intercalatum
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
- Presence of ova
- Liver or rectal biopsies
- Faust and Meleney’s Egg hatching technique
- Circumoval Precipitin Test (COP) of Oliver & Gonzales
LUNG FLUKES
Paragonimus westermani
- Oriental lung fluke
- Disease: LUNG FLUKE DISEASE; ENDEMIC HEMOPTYSIS
- Egg resembles coffee bean
- Specimen: stool or sputum
INTESTINAL FLUKES
Fasciolopsis buski
- Giant intestinal fluke
- Largest fluke parasitizing human
- Hen’s egg shaped; resembles eggs of Fasciola
Echinostoma ilocanum
- Garrison’s fluke
- Intermediate hosts are SNAILS
Heterophyes heterophyes
- Von Siebod’s fluke
- Smallest fluke but deadliest fluke of man
- With 3 genital suckers
LIVER FLUKES
Fasciola hepatica
- Sheep liver fluke
Fasciola gigantica
- Giant Liver Fluke
- Infects cattle in Philippines
Clonorchis sinensis
- Chinese liver fluke
- Most important liver fluke
- Egg resembles old-fashioned electric light bulb
